Foreshadowing and Flashbacks in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

In Fitzgeralds timeless novel The Great Gatsby, the writing techniques of bode and flashbacks are carefully used to enhance and strengthen the story. Suppose you met individual just as careless as yourself. I hope I never will, she Jordan answered. I hate careless people. Thats why I like you. (Fitzgerald, pg. 63) Jordan is explaining to snick how she is able to come badly as long as everyone else drives carefully. This quote represents the writing technique of foreshadowing, which is being used in one of its finest form. Fitzgerald is foreshadowing to chapter seven where Daisy kills Myrtle Wilson because of her reckless driving. Fitzgerald uses foreshadowing to strengthen the plot of his book. In chapter nine, Nick begins to recall the past and relive his old memories. His must relieve his lingering thoughts of the past. During the chapter, Nick uses a flashback to furcate about Gatsbys funeral for the readers to know what happen the day Gatsby was shot. Flashbac k in The Great Gatsby also helps to give the reader background information about the characters. In The Great Gatsby, the building of the novel is influenced by foreshadowing and flashback. Fitzgerald utilizes foreshadowing to the best of its ability to help organize the novel. Luckily the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the coerce of his head, whereupon he turned and caught it with trembling fingers and set it back in place. Im sorry about the clock, he said. Its an old clock, I told him idiotically. (Fitzgerald, pg. 92) This quote is the first use of foreshadowing which is in chapter five. It pertains to all of the trouble Gatsby causes as he tries to win Daisy back. The past is represented by the clock and how Gatsby wants to repeat it with Daisy. (Eble, pg. 963) This quote foreshadows to the end of the novel when Nick is left to tell the story of the dreamer whose dreams were corrupted. (Eble, pg. 963) they smashed up things and creatures and then ret reated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. (Fitzgerald, pg. 188) In chapter

Natural Gas and Its use as a Alternative Fuel Compared to Gasoline Ess

instinctive Gas and Its use as a Alternative Fuel Compared to throttleHave you ever confused the terms Natural Gas and Gasoline? Well dont, because they are two very incompatible types of bobblees. Natural louse up and Gasoline are considered fossil fuels to most scientists because it is believed they were formed from the remains of sea animals and plants that died 200-400 million years ago. These sea animals were then covered by layers of sediment and vibrate over time which caused them to become buried deeper and deeper, until enormous amounts of pressure and heat turned them into oil and natural gas. Raw natural gas is a mixture of different gasses and the main ingredient is methane, a natural compound that is formed whenever plant and animal matter decays. On the other hand, gasoline is made from crude oil, which is a mixture of hydrocarbons (compounds containing hydrogen and carbons). Gasoline is most commonly known as the gas that you use in you r car to help your engine run. In a cars engine, oxygen is mixed with a fine mist of gasoline which is ignited by a spark, causing the combustion reaction to take send off. This all takes place within a cylinder of your car. When the fuel/air mixture explodes (or combusts) in the cylinder, the expansion of gases from the mini-explosion pushes a piston this movement is what ultimately makes your wheels move. A greenhouse gas is then emitted, called carbon dioxide- which contributes to global warming. (How does car pollution affect the ozone layer and Environment? King, Jennifer SFGate n.d. Web.) An alternative fuel such as natural gas has been considered by many scientists as a much more environmentally friendly gas on the environment that could run automob... ...uld be the right way to go due to its cleanliness and cost. Natural gas burns clean due to its naturalness. According the NGVAmerica, Natural gas costs about $1.50- $2.50 per gallon of gas. This type of change in gas wou ld kill two birds with one stone, bye reducing prices for the peoples benefits and reduce greenhouse pollution, for the environments benefit.Works Cited. ( How natural gas Vehicles Work.How stuffworks.n.d) (www.NEED.org 2011).. (www.NEED.org 2011). (What Is Hydraulic Fracturing? Propublica.org.)(How does car pollution affect the ozone layer and Environment? King, Jennifer SFGate n.d. Web.) (Preston, Benjamin I Feel Gassy 5.8.12)Picture 1 Seismic Graphing Natural Gas & Tech. NaturalGas.org)Picture 2- ( Natural gas & Tech. Natural gas.org)Picture 3 )Comparing Natural Gas Vs. Other Fuels..Wb Web.) Socal gas.nd

Odysseus, The Hero :: essays research papers

An individuals characteristics are the key to their behavior. Homers The Odyssey takes behind about 700BC in the Mediterranean, near Greece. The epic tells of a man who left his home twenty years earlier to fight in the Trojan War. His committee now is to make his way home to Ithaca. Odysseus shows good and bad traits throughout the epic that influence his way home . (65 words)The courage and wisdom of Odysseus help him experience through the whole epic. For example, Odysseus kills the Cyclops while the giant is asleep, even though the monster ate two work force minutes before (P.110). Odysseus has courage to rise up for his beliefs and never lets the opinion of others keep him from doing what is right. Some think Odysseus shows his courage throughout the epic because he is proud and does not want to leave whatsoever job unfinished. Furthermore, Odysseus by plugs the sailors ears with wax when going through the Sirens, whose sweet singing lures sailors to there doom (p. 141). O dysseus often hesitates before acting, because he uses reason to evaluate the situation, which saves him and his men many times. Odysseus knows that there is no progress without the wisdom to back it up. Using courage and wisdom throughout life allows a person to see richness in life.As great as he was, Odysseus still had some weaknesses, most importantly that of his pride and sensualness, that prolongs his voyage back to Ithaca. This is clearly evident in the episode on the Cyclopes Island when Odysseus and his men are safely away from the island when Odysseus brags about his exploits making Polythemus hurl giant boulders almost sinking the ship (P. 114). This concomitant hurt Odysseus more than just losing a few men, because Poseidon makes his travel home very long and arduous. This proud characteristic shows Odysseus has a lack of respect for others and that he is selfish. Furthermore, Odysseus stays with Circe for one year before his men remind him of home (p.

Ozone :: essays research papers fc

OzoneTriatomic oxygen, O3, is most commonly known as ozone. It has aresonance structure, and advise be drawn in two different waysO=O-O-O=OIt is a bluish, explosive gas at room temperature, and has a turn pointof -119C. It has a melting point of -193C, and is a blue liquid. Itscritical temperature and pressure are -12.1C and 53.8 atm, respectively. Ithas a pleasant odor in concentrations of less(prenominal) than 2 ppm, and is irritating andinjurious in higher(prenominal) concentrations. The density of ozone gas is 2.144 g/L, andthe density of ozone as a liquid is 1.614 g/mL. It is extremely unstable, andsolutions containing ozone flip ones wig upon warming. It is found in varyingproportions on Earth, but it is about 0.05 ppm at sea level.Ozone absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation in the upper atmosphere, andprotects humans from strip cancer. But ozone is also the main ingredient of smog,and causes serious health effects and forest and crop damage in the loweratmosphere. Ozone i s formed through the chemical reaction of volatile fundamentalcompounds and nitrogen dioxide, in the atmosphere, in the presence of sunlight.This reaction is called a photochemical reaction, because sunlight is required.The product is known as smog. The notorious brownish color of smog is due tonitrogen dioxide of the mixture. Increased temperature stimulate the reaction,which is why ozone conditions are worse in the summer. It is an oxidant,meaning it takes electrons away from other molecules, and disrupts underlyingstructures in cells by starting chain reactions.Ozone is a serious national problem. Half of the largest urban areas inthe United States exceed the ozone standards. The worst regions in the USinclude California and the Texas Gulf coast, and the northeast and the Chicago-Milwaukee area during the summer. The ozone condition varies from year to year,as the temperature and weather fluctuate. This fluctuation also occursthroughout the day, as emissions from morning job builds up, the levels rise.Ozone emissions come from many things, such as automobiles, gas stations, powerplants, dry cleaners, paint shops, chemical manufacturing pants, oil refineries,and other business that release volatile organic compounds.The health effects of ozone are chest pain, coughing, wheezing, lung andnasal congestion, labored breathing, sore throat, nausea, rapid breathing, andeye and nose irritation. The symptoms occur when the levels of ozone are onlyslightly higher than the legal standard. Living in San Diego during myelementary school year, I personally felt the effects of ozone the tightness ofthe chest, wheezing, and labored breathing on certain hot, humid days.

Death of a Salesman by Miller and A Dolls House by Ibsen Essay

expiry of a Salesman by Miller and A Dolls House by Ibsendecease of a Salesman and A Dolls House are two plays that were written in different centuries. In these plays, among other things, is presented the place that women hold in the family, as puff up as in the society. Although in many aspects, the two protagonists of the plays, Linda and Nora respectively, appear to have things in common, at the same time they are very different, since Nora seems to be more(prenominal) modern and fully grown than Linda, which is ironic given the fact that Ibsen wrote his play seventy years earlier than Miller. The representation of the two women in these two plays is what will be discussed in this paper.In Death of a Salesman, Linda embodies the role of the traditional American woman, which was to take care of her economize, her children and the house, regardless of her personal aspirations, and dreams. The woman is expected to stay at home and consider in everyday house works, like cooking , cleaning and sewing, slice the man, as the head of the family, is expected to find a well-respected job built in bed because it was the mans duty to result for the entire family. So Linda has given up on everything she hoped for in her life, she sacrificed herself, just to be with her husband and her two sons, even though her husband doesnt seem to be treating her very well. Willy disregards every word Linda attempts to interject in family conversations by interrupting her and accusing her of interrupting him. He shouts at her, he doesnt let her speak and when she does, he speaks to her badly. A unadorned example is the passage towards the end of Act I in which Linda attempts in vain to speak her mind Linda Maybe things are ascendent to- Willy Stop interr... ... and in the society. Two different women, from two different times were dupes of their era. The one is old, unattractive but caring and supportive she is Linda, the woman of the 1940s. The other is young, and dishy b ut in any case more modern and demanding she is Nora, the woman of the 1870s. Both of them werent happy with their lives, but only one of them, Nora, finds the strength to leave and change her life. And that is why the Linda was the victim of the capitalistic society, while Noras more of a feminist.Works CitedIbsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. In Four Major Plays. Trans. James McFarlane and Jens Arup. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1981.Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. seventh Edition. X.J. Kennedy, and Dana Gioia. New York Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999. 1636-1707 Death of a Salesman by Miller and A Dolls House by Ibsen EssayDeath of a Salesman by Miller and A Dolls House by IbsenDeath of a Salesman and A Dolls House are two plays that were written in different centuries. In these plays, among other things, is presented the place that women hold in the family, as well as in the society. Although in many aspects, the two protagonists of the plays, Linda and Nora respectively, appear to have things in common, at the same time they are very different, since Nora seems to be more modern and liberal than Linda, which is ironic given the fact that Ibsen wrote his play seventy years earlier than Miller. The representation of the two women in these two plays is what will be discussed in this paper.In Death of a Salesman, Linda embodies the role of the traditional American woman, which was to take care of her husband, her children and the house, regardless of her personal aspirations, and dreams. The woman is expected to stay at home and engage in everyday house works, like cooking, cleaning and sewing, while the man, as the head of the family, is expected to find a well-respected job position because it was the mans duty to provide for the entire family. So Linda has given up on everything she hoped for in her life, she sacrificed herself, just to be with her husband and her two sons, even though her husband doesnt seem to be treating her very well. Willy disregards every word Linda attempts to interject in family conversations by interrupting her and accusing her of interrupting him. He shouts at her, he doesnt let her speak and when she does, he speaks to her badly. A distinct example is the passage towards the end of Act I in which Linda attempts in vain to speak her mind Linda Maybe things are beginning to- Willy Stop interr... ... and in the society. Two different women, from two different times were victims of their era. The one is old, unattractive but caring and supportive she is Linda, the woman of the 1940s. The other is young, and beautiful but also more modern and demanding she is Nora, the woman of the 1870s. Both of them werent happy with their lives, but only one of them, Nora, finds the strength to leave and change her life. And that is why the Linda was the victim of the capitalistic society, while Noras more of a feminist.Works CitedIbsen, Hen rik. A Dolls House. In Four Major Plays. Trans. James McFarlane and Jens Arup. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1981.Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Seventh Edition. X.J. Kennedy, and Dana Gioia. New York Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999. 1636-1707

Conforming to Societys Norms Essay -- Ethics Norms Mores Essays

Conforming to Societys NormsIn todays day and age contemporary societys are built upon the thought of citizen consistency to a prescribed set of values and norms to. This idea of complies to social standards makes genius think as to how these norms of fact society as a whole and an individual. The chief(prenominal) driving component which draws people too conformity are the desire to be excepted in certain status groups. People fear that if they do not conformity is norms that they will be breaking the social contract therefore been shunned by society at not being able to achieve their in the flesh(predicate) goals. Further analysis of these forces for conformity in contemporary society it will be shown that these forces produced negative ethical conduct and hinder the foundation of justice that the semipolitical system of Canada is based upon.Conformity in society is what individual takes upon the beliefs and ways of life is another group or from someone in charge. Confor mity includes a strong component of intolerance of nonconformity, necessarily entails an unwillingness to commit other people to deviate from pads of established belief. Conformity is not necessarily imply that one is in agreement with the set of norms but that the norms are merely abided by for various reasons that will be discussed.Social class hold significant repair on a persons behavior as a prescribed ones conditions in life. Social class, in contemporary society, the first to the amount of education of person has been topic to as well as their occupational position. The class hierarchy of suggest that decisions and actions of members of higher class will induct an impact on society and have consequences, whereas a believe exist at the lower classes are at the ... ...portunities and political type. Patronage projects these principles by creating a realm of preferential treatment and representation of a politicians personal needs instead of the needs of the country.As shown, various forces of conformity and exist in modern societys the conflicting nature of these forces create difficulties in establishing when conformity is necessary what exactly conformity is. Forces of compliance, such as the class structure, group pressure, the idea of a social contract, achievement of societal and personal goals, the interdependent nature of society, and the fear of punishment create inequality in society and continue to into her overtime the strength of the sources of conformity ultimately produced negative ethical conduct, inequality, and disperse the foundation of justice that the Canadian political system is based upon.

Conforming to Societys Norms Essay -- Ethics Norms Mores Essays

Conforming to Societys NormsIn todays day and age contemporary orderings are built upon the apprehension of citizen conformity to a prescribed set of values and norms to. This idea of complies to social standards makes one think as to how these norms of fact society as a on the whole and an individual. The main driving component which draws people too conformity are the desire to be excepted in certain status groups. People fear that if they do not conformity is norms that they will be breaking the social contract therefore been shunned by society at not being able to procure their soulfulnessal goals. Further analysis of these forces for conformity in contemporary society it will be shown that these forces produced negative honourable conduct and hinder the foundation of jurist that the political system of Canada is based upon. consonance in society is what individual takes upon the beliefs and ways of life is another group or from someone in charge. Conformity includes a strong component of intolerance of nonconformity, necessarily entails an unwillingness to commit other people to deviate from pads of established belief. Conformity is not necessarily ask that one is in agreement with the set of norms but that the norms are merely abided by for various reasons that will be discussed.Social class hold earthshaking impact on a persons behavior as a prescribed ones conditions in life. Social class, in contemporary society, the first to the amount of education of person has been subject to as well as their occupational position. The class hierarchy of suggest that decisions and actions of members of higher class will have an impact on society and have consequences, whereas a believe exist at the lower classes are at the ... ...portunities and political representation. Patronage projects these principles by creating a realm of preferential discourse and representation of a politicians ad hominem needs instead of the needs of the country.As sho wn, various forces of conformity and exist in modern societys the conflicting nature of these forces make believe difficulties in establishing when conformity is necessary what exactly conformity is. Forces of compliance, such as the class structure, group pressure, the idea of a social contract, achievement of societal and personal goals, the interdependent nature of society, and the fear of punishment create inequality in society and continue to into her overtime the strength of the sources of conformity ultimately produced negative ethical conduct, inequality, and disrupt the foundation of justice that the Canadian political system is based upon.

Human Facial Expressions and Emotions Essay

To accept that the implications of human emotions are common is indeed very extensive. It speaks to an unfreeze that is deeply entrenched in human nature and it is by no means a trivial question. Much research has been conducted in this correction of emotions done the analysis of s situationh cranial nerve typefaces, categorizing tell into two primary categories those in favor of the catholicity of emotions, known as the catholicity thesis, or those in favor of heathenish influence on emotions.While it has been largely accepted that on that point is a basic universal language in the field, the bulk of the debate centers on where incisively factors controlling expression of facial expressions lie on this spectrum. thither is undeniably overwhelming evidence in support of the universality thesis with both qualitative (judgment studies) and quantitative (muscle unit measurements and brain mapping techniques) data however, one could not overlook the behavioral and anatomical e vidence in favor of gardening-specific expressions.Therefore, universal emotions whitethorn serve as a very key framework among all humans yet, it is heathen differences that fine-tune this structure into the emotions each individual expresses. Introduction to Universality Thesis The Darwinian Hypothesis principles for the Expression of Emotions The Work of Charles Darwin. Many of the ideas that Darwin formulated in his 1872 book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals have led to this field of research. On the books or so basic level, he defended that emotion expressions are evolved and adaptive (Hess & Thibault, 2009).However, Darwin also posits three crucial principles from which many of the subsequent fundamental questions and debate over emotions and their purpose stem. The Principle of Serviceable Habits. As Hess and Thibault (2009) note, this low gear principle takes a Lamarckian view of the inheritance of emotions genetically through the bear on of habits. D arwin explicitly underscores the concept and force of habit. It also speaks very much to the functionality of emotions and their expressions, although most of them are vestigial.However, these traits could still be observed in animals because the civilization of humans would conquer such(prenominal) instinctual tendencies. A common example is that of rage and aggression as a playful sneer or ferocious snarl (Darwin, 1872) reveals animal descent. The Principle of Antithesis. In a reversal of the first principle, the second principle asserts that some expressions are so directly opposite to nature that the only means is that of communicative communication (Darwin 1872).This makes the expression almost analogous to the voice for the purpose of intercommunication. It is worth noting, however, the Darwin extends this principle to not only states, but to traits as well (Hess & Thibault, 2009). For instance, Darwin (1872) postulates that the enigmatic follow through of a gaping m out(a) h could indicate a feebleness of character. Such actions eventually become ingrained through habit. The Principle of the Direct activeness of the emotional Nervous System on the Body.This final principle that Darwin outlines could be considered the direct product of the nervous system. Therefore, some expressions occur to balance excess emotions. For instance, consider the illogical nature of laughter (Hess & Thibault, 2009). Heckler (1873) proposed that laughter could in fact be a protective reflex that compromises the excess of the circulatory and respiratory systems through the provocation of vasomotor nerves. The work of Darwin and universality thesis will later by revived in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the judgments studies of capital of Minnesota Ekman.Evidence in Support of Universality Evidence derived from Judgment Studies Introduction. The universality thesis is most contingent upon judgment data, evidence of observers seeing the same emotions in all faces (Russel l, 1994). Paul Ekman is largely considered to be the pioneer and preeminent scholar in the field of emotions, and his judgment studies with overwhelming evidence supporting the universality of facial expressions are frequently cited in subsequent studies on this topic.The earlier view before studies conducted by Ekman and Friesen from the late 1960s was that facial expressions completely differed from culture to culture (La Barre, 1947). With Ekman and Friesens groundbreaking work on the constancy of facial expressions throughout cultures in 1971, however, the tremendous evidence has persuaded much of the psychology world to accept the universality thesis although skeptics still remain (Ekman & Friesen, 1987). Pan-cultural udgment studies. Among the first of these pan-cultural judgment studies was conducted by Ekman, Sorenson, and Friesen (1969) in New Guinea, Borneo, Brazil, the United States, and Japan where they found evidence in favor of pan-cultural elements in facial displays observers in these cultures were able to recognize similar emotions in the a standard set of photographs. They first obtained samples of photographed facial expressions that were free of cultural differences.The worsts, too, were carefully selected as data needed to be collected from virtually isolated preliterate societies to eliminate the variable of mass media (Ekman et al. , 1969). Photographs of Caucasiansmale and female, adult and childrenwere used, all of whom were professional and tyro actors. The observers observed primarily the preliterate societies from New Guinea and Borneo, two isolated communities that required translators. 1 The emotion Happy (H) was most universally recognized with tremendous the true in responsesUnited States 97 H Brazil 97 H Japan 87 H New Guinea 99 H (Pidgin) and 82 H (Fore) and Borneo 92 H. Fear (F), however, seem to generate a more varied response between different cultures, with Surprise (SU) and Anger (A) as answers as wellUnited States 88 F Japan 71 F, 26 SU New Guinea 46 F, 31 A (Pidgin) and 54 F, 25 A (Fore) Borneo 40 F, 33 SU.There were also variations within Disgust-Contempt (D) with some mixtures of A and in the Borneo society, even H A implyd some D and F SU included F and A, which these variations occurring primarily in the isolated societies and finally, Sadness (SA) was some generation interpreted as A, with A being the only given response in the Fore group of New Guinea. While there is certainly evidence for some basic universality, Ekman, Sorenson, and Friesen attributed the discrepancies to language barriers and task unfamiliarity in the illiterate societies. Flaws and how they were by and by addressed.Ekman and Friesen (1987) later published a study in which they acknowledge some flaws of previous judgment studies. With respect to the study above, three problems that limited them are (1) there has only been one such study, (2) not all six emotions were accurately recognized, and (3) the facial expressi ons were posed as opposed to spontaneous (Ekman & Friesen, 1987). In response to the wear criticism, Ekman and Friesen (1972) designed a study of facial expressions shown by Japanese and Americans while watching stress-inducing films of body mutilation and neutral films of natural andscape. When subjects from each of the two cultures viewed the films in the absence seizure of a scientist with a hidden video camera, the facial expressions from both groups were virtually identical when viewing the same films in the presence of a scientist, however, the Japanese tended to dissemble negative expressions with smile, lending support to the presence of cultural display rules when different cultures manage and mask universal expressions.The primary criticism, however, was (1) again, there has only been one such study, and (2) the films only elicit two emotions (disgust and fear)other universal expressions were not determined for (Ekman & Friesen, 1987). Later studies, however, involving p hotographs of facial expressions shown to observers of across 12 literature cultures found very utmost symmetricalness by multiple researchers including Ekman, Friesen, Sorenson, and Izard (Ekman et at. , 1969 Izard, 1971).The multiple replications of this design lends to its credibility (Ekman & Friesen, 1987). Universality of the recognizing vehemence. Ekman and Friesen (1987) seek to further extend their basic judgment studies by testing for four different hypotheses of cross-cultural agreement for (1) single-choice judgment tasks (2) the strongest emotion (3) the second strongest emotion and (4) strength of emotion. The nations that were chosen included 8 different languages from both Western and non-Western countries.In (1), the single-choice judgment task that replicated previous studies, once again, produced accurate results in terms of the percentage of subjects in a country correctly identifying with a predicted emotion. For instance, two examples include Happiness, in which the percentage ranged from 98% (Scotland) to 69% (Sumatra) for Surprise, 94% (Japan) to 78% (Sumatra), while Sadness, ranged from 92% (U. S. ) to 76% (Turkey). Overall, the emotional term chosen by the majority of the subjects in each culture was accurate 178 out of 180 times.Hypothesis (2) was also supported 177 out of 180 times, the emotion that was judged to be the most dramatic by the majority of each culture was also the predicted emotion. Hypothesis (3), which predicted the universality of the secondary emotion, was sustained as well in every culture, there was complete agreement about the secondary emotion signaled by expressions of disgust and fear. The results for sadness and surprise, however, were too infrequent to be conclusive (5 out of 30 opportunities and 8 out of 30 respectively).Further research needs to be conducted to determine the cause for this discrepancy (Ekman & Friesen, 1987). Hypothesis (4) required subjects to judge the intensity of emotions on an 8-point scale (1-slight, 4-moderate, 8-strong) to predict the universality of judging. This, according to Ekman and Friesen (1987) however, led to inconclusive results. Using a one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), F(54,2743)=3. 95, signifies a moderate association between culture and intensity judgments.However, instead, the six univariate tests ranged from 2. 3 in Sadness to 6. 66 in Surprise, indicating that there are significant differences among cultures in this respect. These differences, according, to Ekman and Friesen, could have 2 possibilities (1) politeness and a greater uncertainty about a foreigner or (2) the language barrier, as observers had make judgments in language other than English (Ekman & Friesen, 1987). Nevertheless, with three of these hypotheses confirmed, the evidence for universal facial expressions is undeniably overwhelming despite these flaws.Evidence based on Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and Action Units Introduction. Based on the e vidence for the presence of six basic emotions across cultures,happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust and surprisequalitative descriptions of facial muscles associated with each of them have been identified. For instance, happy expressions include tense lower eyelids, raised cheeks and lip corners pulled up, while sad expressions include inner eyebrows raised and drawn together, and lip corners pulled down (Kohler et al. 2004). Based on such observations, Ekman and Friesen (1978) developed the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) by identifying the presence of action units (AU). They serve as the standard set of facial expressions. Target AUs in universal emotions. Kohler et al (2004) sought to identify which AUs characterized the four universal emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. A total of 128 images of emotional expressions were used in a sample of 105 subjects from Drexel University.Of these subjects, 63 were men and 42 were women. There were also 71 Caucasian, 9 A frica-American, 4 Hispanic/Latino, and 21 Asian-American participants, indicating ethnic diversity. They were then asked whether each facial expression matched the target emotion. FACS ratings revealed that uniquely absent and fork out AUs were found for each emotion (Kohler et al, 2004). In Happy, the presence of AU 6, 7, and 26 was ositively associated with happy recognition, and determined that the presence of 6 increased recognition four times in Sad, AU 4, 17, and 25 were positively while 15 was negatively associated in Anger, AU 4, 5, and 16 were positively while 23 was negatively associated2 and in Fear, AU 5, 1, and 26 were positively while 4 was negatively associated. By defining expressions quantitatively with unique muscle patterns over a diverse subject group, the universality thesis is further strengthened. The 2004 Athens Olympics Game.Psychologist David Matsmoto3 (2006) conducted a field behavioral study of the facial expressions displayed by medal winners of the jud o competition during the 2004 Athens Olympics Games using F F ACS. With judo photographer Bob Willingham, they captured the spontaneous reactions of 84 medal winners from 35 different countriesthe most diverse ethnic group in a ad lib intense emotional field studyat 3 different times (1) when they completed the match, (2) when they received their medals from the dignitary, and (3) when they posed on the podium.Matsumoto (2006) found that independent of cultural backgrounds, there are very specific facial expressions that occur in emotionally-charged contexts. This study was designed in response to some criticisms of judgments studies and previous field studies conducted in other sporting events including bowling and soccer (Kraut & Johnson, 1979 Ruiz-Belda et al. , 2003). A crucial concern about judgments studies held in laboratories is their posed stimuli and artificial nature because they lack the investigation of the expression within a social context (Matsumoto, 2006).While lat er field studies were conducted in narrate to address this concern, there were three flaws that Matsumoto (2006) in turn addresses. The first two are the strength of the elicited emotional responsea factor that is not intense enough with bowling spares and strikesand the time allowed for expressions to unfold. The third and most important aspect of the study was the type of smile elicited in the social context, something that Kraut and Johnson (1979) had failed to distinguish.Matsumoto determines two types of smiles the Duchenne smile and the non-Duchenne smile the former is associated with enjoyment and the latter is associated with joke or social convenience even though the person does not feel positive emotions. While Ruiz-Belda et al (2003) uses the FACS, which detects the muscle movements associated with these smiles, they were not differentiated. In order to isolate photos or victory, Willingham took pictures from the gold and bronze matches (Matsumoto, 2006), the most emoti onally intense matches as they both occur at the margin the former wins the first settle while the latter made the cut for a medal. Negative emotions of defeat were searched for in silver medal winners and athletes who placed ordinal. Again, as aforementioned, it is important to distinguish the quantify of emotions, as the first expressions upon completing a match are often the most instinctual and natural ones.Thirteen out of 14 gold medalists and 18 out of 16 bronze medalists smiled for a total of 31 smiles of those 31 smiles, 29 were Duchenne and 24 were open-mouthed. In the defeat silver medalists, none smiled and 1 of the 26 fifth placers smiled. Instead, 43% of silver medalists and 35% of fifth placers showed sadness, 29% and 23% showed nothing (respectively), and 14% and 15% showed contempt (again, respectively). Upon receiving the medal, which is a much more public event than initial expressions, 54 of the 56 athletes smiled.All 14 gold medalists (12 open-mouthed), 6 silv er medalists (out of the 14), and 20 bronze medalists (out of 28) had Duchenne smiles. Cultural differences were tested for, but none were found. In the final situation, the most public of the three, the athletes expressions were taken on the podium. Again, all the gold medalists smiled only 9 silver medalists of the 14 smiled (only 5 of these were uncontrolled, of which 3 were controlled Duchenne) and 26 bronze medalists of the 28 smiled (13 of which were open-mouthed and Duchenne).Interestingly in this last scenario, cultural differences was evident gold and bronze medalists from North America-Western Europe and East Asia were much more prone to displaying Duchenne smiles (96%) as opposed to gold and bronze medalists from other countries (47%). This study of facial expressions further reinforces the notion of universal emotions. Because no other emotion other than the Duchenne smile was prominent in these expressions of victory, the data suggests that it may be the only facial mar ker of the joy of victory (Matsumoto, 2006).Matsumoto then proposed an evolutionary reason why this may be the case along the lines of behavioral ecology facial expressions provide rapid means of communication, and it may not have been absolutely adaptively necessary to communicate respective(a) emotions of enjoyment. However, while this last point is highly speculative, the data that Matsumoto provides for universal facial expressions, which were displayed most prominently in more private settings but still noticeable in more public ones using FACS, is very thorough and convincing.

Manzana Insurance

Operations Management ____________________________________________________________ _________________________ Case Study Manzana Insurance pic Presented to Prof B. Mahadevan Submitted By Group 12 (Section B) Peeyush Razdan (0811115) Shalekh Banka (0811124) Shalem Anand Tirkey (0811125) Shreshth Sharma (0811128) Sumeet Mittal (0811131) Manzana Insurance As per the case circumstances, Manzana Insurances Fruitvale complication is the least(prenominal) performing branch and the senior VP seeks a report on the same.Their competitor gilt Gate (backed by its corporate p arnt generated a price war to gain market) is performing much better in terms of most poetic rhythm of Insurance pipeline. 1) Problems faced by Manzana Insurance (Fruitvale branch) a) gamy Turn Around Time ( bargain rate) performers in the insurance sector be mediators who act as an interface between the client and the insurer. Hence, the quality of service, measured by average cut rate, to the agents (who are commo n to the competitors) is of primary importance.TAT for Fruitvale has deteriorated to 6 day cadences (1991) from 5 days (1990), plot of ground florid Gates offer of 1 day TAT is luring agents away from Manzana. The number of late vicissitudes is in like manner increasing and quite spicy compared to favorable Gate. b) Geographic/Territorial Allocation to Underwriting Teams put outs to an Uneven proletariat Distri yetion We observe that the geographic on the wholeocation of agents to the underwriting teams is not optimal. This method has an inherent problem there peck be a surge in solicits from a geography which might overload that particular team while the other teams might be drained collect to lack of requests from their geography.Hence, their pooling should be rather than use the geographic allotment. c) Primary focus on RUNs rather than rebroadcasts and Increasing late Re soreals Currently, Fruitvale is foc victimisation on RUNs for get new customers and comprom ising the service towards the RERUN requests for the live customers. Loss of focus on RERUNs has led to increase in its TAT causing agents to move towards Golden Gate. The number of late Renewals has increased from 20% to 44% over the last year which has led to a significant increase in the Renewal bolshie rate from 33% to 47%.Renewal is a low premium high volume business. Exhibit 5(in case) shows that a new form _or_ musical arrangement of government and policy transition give similar revenues of $6724 and $6205 respectively. The commission given to agents is 25% and 7% respectively. So in fact renewal of old insurance brings more(prenominal) revenue due to reduced commission percentage. Also, the time retortn for renewal of policies is less, olibanum more renewals can be done in a given time. d) FCFS Scheduling whitethorn not be always optimum about of the departments follow FCFS scheduling which may not be optimum.Ex. a policy with an effort of 4 hrs would see to it al l the other smaller policies behind it, effectively conditioning 10 simple requests for serving one difficult one. Moreover, the scheduling policy followed across dissimilar departments is not same. While some strictly follow FCFS others do it on type of policy ex RUN preferred over RERUNs. Also, The RAP is given tasting over RERUNs by the rating team. The RAPs in fact take more time for butt oning than RERUNs. Also, only 15% of all quotes consequence in new policies.Thus, the Manzana Fruitvale branch seems to be servicing RAPs at the address of RERUNs. e) Huge backlog of policies The existing backlog of policies is quite high, due to which any new policy get is not attended instantly (due to FCFS) further adding on to existing backlog, essentially creating a cascading effect. 2) Process light and message summary We have used process flow, susceptibility abstract, Lead Time Analysis and fair daily Workload Analysis to analyze the topical situation at Manzanas Fruitval e Branch. ) Process Flow Exhibit 1 shows the process flow plat with the existing capacity across the four major team Distribution clerks, Underwriter teams, Raters, Policy writers. b) might Analysis Usage of believe time for capacity analysis is ideally favored over 95% Standard Completion Time (SCT) parameter as 95% SCT is a highly conservative. It assumes ein truth request to be of long-range duration (95th percentile with respect to request duration) and does not take into account the time saved while executing smaller requests. meanspirited on the other hand takes into account that fact that time consumed on longer jobs is compensated by the time saved on smaller jobs. susceptibility analysis found on Mean Time (Exhibit 2) shows the hinder for RUNs is the Distribution step, for RAPs is underwriting, for RAINs is again Distribution and for RERUNs is policy writing. The same capacity analysis when done using 95% SCT (Exhibit 3) shows Underwriting step to be block for all th e 4 types of policy requests. We observe that there is high standard deviation for most of the steps (especiallyUnderwriting Step) and is comparable to incriminate value itself. Ex For RERUNs Underwriting step mean is 18. 7min while the standard deviation is 19. 8min. Hence we are using 95% SCT for determining bottleneck step. And thus we consider Underwriting Stage as the bottleneck for the whole arrangement. c) Lead (Service) Time Analysis Using slights Formula we have done Lead Time Analysis (Exhibit 4) which shows that on an average Lead Time is well-nigh 2 days (2. 10). As we have seen, throughput on the other hand is approximately 6 days which is much higher than the average Lead Time.This suggests that the longer throughput time is because of allocation problems draw later. d) Average Daily Workload Analysis The business line of allocation problem is further strengthened by our Average Daily Workload Analysis (Exhibit 5). This analysis has been done taking into account the relative proportions of various types of requests on a daily basis. On the basis on mean processing time for all the steps it comes out that the average daily work load for each step is less than 7. 5 hrs (the stipulated work time). InferencesAbove analysis shows that problem at Fruitvale branch is not due to capacity constraint but it is actually due to allocation issue. Predominantly, allocation problems are in underwriting step. Currently allocation is done on the basis of Geographical/territorial lines which lead to curly-grained workload over time as well as inefficient allocation leading to longer TPUT time. Exhibit 5 shows that RUNs on an average take 50% (Exhibit 6) more processing time than RERUNs hence territory1 which is heavily loaded with RUNs has a higher RERUN loss even though overall it is least loaded.This necessitates a better allocation scheme rather than FIFO. Shortest Job First Scheduling may be used to minimize TPUT but it may delay a high priority reque st (ex a RERUN close to expiry) and also requires a priori estimate of various time factors. Currently, the system follows FCFS though not strictly, since some departments prioritize found on type of request ex Underwriting favors RUNs over RERUNs. We would suggest an better priority scheduling over FIFO which would be determined based on the type of request, agents importance, client importance, expiry time etc. et across uniformly across the steps. 3) Recommendations a) Distribution of reports to teams based on priority rather than territorial As found in previous section the current workforce should suffice the existing requirements if there are no backlogs and even if there are, it should not take more than 2 days. The problem was identified in the allocation of the policy request based on territory. We urge a collective (instead of territorial) request processing system with more intelligence added to the statistical distribution system, which were also identified as bottle necks for RUN and RAIN.This distribution system would first prioritize the requests and then allocate them to the underwriting team on an optimal basis ensuring even distribution of total requests, individual requests RUN, RERUN etc. This would repeal the existing anomaly of having an overloaded team and an idle team concurrently. They should also keep monitoring the hap of the process and remove blocking issues that may result in a further delay of other policies. To expedite this process, it can also be alter by the help of computers. These changes should substantially reduce the TAT and the delayed RERUNs.The priority should be decided based on the following factors instead of current system purely on the type of request 1) typesetters case of request RERUN, RUN, RAP, RAIN 2) Already waited time request that have waited for a long time should be upgraded 3) Estimate of total time required 4) Agents priority 5) Clients priority 6) Expiry Time (Incase of RERUNs) 7) Other fact ors determining the business value of the request Hence overall, this would reduce the mass of bottlenecks at DC and UT. b) Increase focus on RERUNs RERUNs, which generate maximum revenue, should be given a higher priority based on their law of proximity to the expiry date.This ensures customer retention and gives sufficient time to agents for renewal. c) Reduce Backlogs Reduction in current backlogs to stripped-down will help Fruitvale achieve a days TAT as explained. This can be done by working overtime, getting impermanent teams possibly from other branches, and increase number of working days temporarily. d) Use Mean instead of SCT We observe that SCT is not a correct approach to appreciate the process flow since the 95th percentile customers time considered as a benchmark to set up the system results in very conservative estimates.Initially, other statistical methods like mean + n times standard deviation etc. can be used to achieve craved level of service. Following that, a record including TAT for each request should be maintained so that it can be used for future type and for reducing the noise in mean that we recommend to be used in future. Exhibits Exhibit 1 Process Flow Diagram Exhibit 2 Capacity Analysis based on Mean Processing time Capacity RUNs RAPs RAINs RERUNs Distribution 26. 8 36. 00 41. 38 64. 29 Underwriting 30. 96 35. 53 59. 73 72. 19 Rating 47. 68 55. 64 54. 96 47. 68 Policy piece of music 31. 69 NA 41. 67 44. 91 *darkened cells show the bottleneck Exhibit 3 Capacity Analysis based of 95% Standard Completion Time Capacity RUNs RAPs RAINs RERUNs Distribution 14. 05 16. 70 26. 43 41. 67 Underwriting 12. 59 15. 43 27. 33 21. 50 Rating 32. 06 40. 59 40. 27 39. 05 Policy Writing 25. 20 NA 31. 65 33. 58 *darkened cells show the bottleneckExhibit 4 Lead (Service) Time Analysis using Littles Formula Requests in come near 82 Requests served per day (in steady state) 39 Lead /Service Time (Requests in progress/Requests served per day) 2. 1 Exhibit 5 Average Daily Workload Analysis Demand Analysis Requests in 120 days (1991) Demand per Day RUNs 624 5. RAPs 1524 12. 7 RAINs 451 3. 758333 RERUNs 2081 17. 34167 Total 4680 39 Mean Processing Time RUNS RAPS RAINS RERUNS Workers/Teams (5. 0) (12. 70) (3. 75) (17. 34) Total Time hrs per day Distribution 356. 20 635. 00 163. 13 485. 52 1,639. 85 6. 83 Underwriting 226. 72 482. 60 84. 75 324. 26 1,118. 33 6. 21 Rating 392. 60 821. 69 245. 63 1,309. 17 2,769. 09 5. 77 Policy Writing 369. 20 N. A. 202. 50 868. 73 1,440. 43 4. 0 Exhibit 6 Uneven distribution due to territorial allocation Policies Total % diff with avg RUNs % diff with avg RERUNs % diff with avg Renewal lost /Territory 1315 208 693 1 1151 14. 24% less 274 31. 73% more 636 8. 2% less 403 2 1393 5. 93% more 179 13. 94% less 840 21. % more 227 3 1402 6. 66% more 171 17. 7% less 605 14. 54% less 296 Processing Time (using mean values) Distribution Under writing Rating Writing Total Baselined (w. r. t. minimum) Baselined (w. r. t. RERUN) RUN 68. 5 43. 6 75. 5 71 258. 6 169. 35 150. 09 RAP 50 38 64. 7 NA 152. 7 100. 00 88. 62 RAIN 43. 5 22. 6 65. 5 54 185. 6 121. 55 107. 72 RERUN 28 18. 7 75. 5 50. 1 172. 3 112. 84 100. 00 Distribution clerks bit 4 Capacity Runs 26. 27 (58. 63), Raps 36 (72. 28), Rains 41. 37(195. 65), Reruns 64. 28(290. 32) Underwriter teams Number 3 Capacity Runs 30. 96(12. 59), Raps 35. 52(15. 42), Rains 59. 73(27. 32), Reruns 72. 19(21. 49) New Requests, Renewal requests Request for underwriting Policy writers Number 4 Capacity Runs 31. 69(25. 19), Raps NA, Rains 41. 67(31. 64), Reruns 44. 91(33. 58) Raters Number 4 Capacity Runs 47. 68(32. 05), Raps 55. 64(40. 58), Rains 54. 96(40. 26), Reruns 47. 68(39. 04) Policy issuing request Rating requestManzana InsuranceOperations Management ____________________________________________________________ _________________________ Case Study Manzana Insurance pic Pre sented to Prof B. Mahadevan Submitted By Group 12 (Section B) Peeyush Razdan (0811115) Shalekh Banka (0811124) Shalem Anand Tirkey (0811125) Shreshth Sharma (0811128) Sumeet Mittal (0811131) Manzana Insurance As per the case facts, Manzana Insurances Fruitvale branch is the least performing branch and the senior VP seeks a report on the same.Their competitor Golden Gate (backed by its corporate parent generated a price war to gain market) is performing much better in terms of most metrics of Insurance business. 1) Problems faced by Manzana Insurance (Fruitvale branch) a) High Turn Around Time (TAT) Agents in the insurance sector are mediators who act as an interface between the client and the insurer. Hence, the quality of service, measured by average TAT, to the agents (who are common to the competitors) is of primary importance.TAT for Fruitvale has deteriorated to 6 days (1991) from 5 days (1990), while Golden Gates offer of 1 day TAT is luring agents away from Manzana. The numbe r of late renewals is also increasing and quite high compared to Golden Gate. b) Geographic/Territorial Allocation to Underwriting Teams Leads to an Uneven Task Distribution We observe that the geographic allocation of agents to the underwriting teams is not optimal. This method has an inherent problem there can be a surge in requests from a geography which might overload that particular team while the other teams might be idle due to lack of requests from their geography.Hence, their pooling should be rather than using the geographic allocation. c) Primary focus on RUNs rather than RERUNs and Increasing late Renewals Currently, Fruitvale is focusing on RUNs for getting new customers and compromising the service towards the RERUN requests for the existing customers. Loss of focus on RERUNs has led to increase in its TAT causing agents to move towards Golden Gate. The number of late Renewals has increased from 20% to 44% over the last year which has led to a significant increase in t he Renewal loss rate from 33% to 47%.Renewal is a low premium high volume business. Exhibit 5(in case) shows that a new policy and policy renewal give similar revenues of $6724 and $6205 respectively. The commission given to agents is 25% and 7% respectively. So in fact renewal of old insurance brings more revenue due to reduced commission percentage. Also, the time taken for renewal of policies is less, thus more renewals can be done in a given time. d) FCFS Scheduling may not be always optimum Most of the departments follow FCFS scheduling which may not be optimum.Ex. a policy with an effort of 4 hrs would delay all the other smaller policies behind it, effectively delaying 10 simple requests for serving one difficult one. Moreover, the scheduling policy followed across various departments is not same. While some strictly follow FCFS others do it on type of policy ex RUN preferred over RERUNs. Also, The RAP is given preference over RERUNs by the rating team. The RAPs in fact take more time for processing than RERUNs. Also, only 15% of all quotes result in new policies.Thus, the Manzana Fruitvale branch seems to be servicing RAPs at the cost of RERUNs. e) Huge backlog of policies The existing backlog of policies is quite high, due to which any new policy received is not attended instantly (due to FCFS) further adding on to existing backlog, essentially creating a cascading effect. 2) Process Flow and Capacity Analysis We have used process flow, capacity analysis, Lead Time Analysis and Average daily Workload Analysis to analyze the current situation at Manzanas Fruitvale Branch. ) Process Flow Exhibit 1 shows the process flow diagram with the existing capacity across the four major team Distribution clerks, Underwriter teams, Raters, Policy writers. b) Capacity Analysis Usage of Mean time for capacity analysis is ideally favored over 95% Standard Completion Time (SCT) parameter as 95% SCT is a highly conservative. It assumes every request to be of longer dur ation (95th percentile with respect to request duration) and does not take into account the time saved while executing smaller requests.Mean on the other hand takes into account that fact that time consumed on longer jobs is compensated by the time saved on smaller jobs. Capacity analysis based on Mean Time (Exhibit 2) shows the bottleneck for RUNs is the Distribution step, for RAPs is underwriting, for RAINs is again Distribution and for RERUNs is policy writing. The same capacity analysis when done using 95% SCT (Exhibit 3) shows Underwriting step to be bottleneck for all the 4 types of policy requests. We observe that there is high standard deviation for most of the steps (especiallyUnderwriting Step) and is comparable to mean value itself. Ex For RERUNs Underwriting step mean is 18. 7min while the standard deviation is 19. 8min. Hence we are using 95% SCT for determining bottleneck step. And thus we consider Underwriting Stage as the bottleneck for the whole system. c) Lead (Ser vice) Time Analysis Using Littles Formula we have done Lead Time Analysis (Exhibit 4) which shows that on an average Lead Time is approximately 2 days (2. 10). As we have seen, throughput on the other hand is approximately 6 days which is much higher than the average Lead Time.This suggests that the longer throughput time is because of allocation problems described later. d) Average Daily Workload Analysis The argument of allocation problem is further strengthened by our Average Daily Workload Analysis (Exhibit 5). This analysis has been done taking into account the relative proportions of various types of requests on a daily basis. On the basis on mean processing time for all the steps it comes out that the average daily workload for each step is less than 7. 5 hrs (the stipulated working time). InferencesAbove analysis shows that problem at Fruitvale branch is not due to capacity constraint but it is actually due to allocation issue. Predominantly, allocation problems are in under writing step. Currently allocation is done on the basis of Geographical/territorial lines which lead to uneven workload over time as well as inefficient allocation leading to longer TPUT time. Exhibit 5 shows that RUNs on an average take 50% (Exhibit 6) more processing time than RERUNs hence territory1 which is heavily loaded with RUNs has a higher RERUN loss even though overall it is least loaded.This necessitates a better allocation scheme rather than FIFO. Shortest Job First Scheduling may be used to minimize TPUT but it may delay a high priority request (ex a RERUN close to expiry) and also requires a priori estimation of various time factors. Currently, the system follows FCFS though not strictly, since some departments prioritize based on type of request ex Underwriting favors RUNs over RERUNs. We would suggest an improved priority scheduling over FIFO which would be determined based on the type of request, agents importance, client importance, expiry time etc. et across unifo rmly across the steps. 3) Recommendations a) Distribution of reports to teams based on priority rather than territorial As found in previous section the current workforce should suffice the existing requirements if there are no backlogs and even if there are, it should not take more than 2 days. The problem was identified in the allocation of the policy request based on territory. We recommend a collective (instead of territorial) request processing system with more intelligence added to the distribution system, which were also identified as bottlenecks for RUN and RAIN.This distribution system would first prioritize the requests and then allocate them to the underwriting team on an optimal basis ensuring even distribution of total requests, individual requests RUN, RERUN etc. This would remove the existing anomaly of having an overloaded team and an idle team concurrently. They should also keep monitoring the progress of the process and remove blocking issues that may result in a f urther delay of other policies. To expedite this process, it can also be automated by the help of computers. These changes should substantially reduce the TAT and the delayed RERUNs.The priority should be decided based on the following factors instead of current system purely on the type of request 1) Type of request RERUN, RUN, RAP, RAIN 2) Already waited time request that have waited for a long time should be upgraded 3) Estimate of total time required 4) Agents priority 5) Clients priority 6) Expiry Time (Incase of RERUNs) 7) Other factors determining the business value of the request Hence overall, this would reduce the intensity of bottlenecks at DC and UT. b) Increase focus on RERUNs RERUNs, which generate maximum revenue, should be given a higher priority based on their proximity to the expiry date.This ensures customer retention and gives sufficient time to agents for renewal. c) Reduce Backlogs Reduction in current backlogs to minimum will help Fruitvale achieve a days TA T as explained. This can be done by working overtime, getting temporary teams possibly from other branches, and increase number of working days temporarily. d) Use Mean instead of SCT We observe that SCT is not a correct approach to evaluate the process flow since the 95th percentile customers time considered as a benchmark to set up the system results in very conservative estimates.Initially, other statistical methods like mean + n times standard deviation etc. can be used to achieve desired level of service. Following that, a record including TAT for each request should be maintained so that it can be used for future reference and for reducing the noise in mean that we recommend to be used in future. Exhibits Exhibit 1 Process Flow Diagram Exhibit 2 Capacity Analysis based on Mean Processing time Capacity RUNs RAPs RAINs RERUNs Distribution 26. 8 36. 00 41. 38 64. 29 Underwriting 30. 96 35. 53 59. 73 72. 19 Rating 47. 68 55. 64 54. 96 47. 68 Policy Writing 31. 69 NA 41. 67 44. 91 *darkened cells show the bottleneck Exhibit 3 Capacity Analysis based of 95% Standard Completion Time Capacity RUNs RAPs RAINs RERUNs Distribution 14. 05 16. 70 26. 43 41. 67 Underwriting 12. 59 15. 43 27. 33 21. 50 Rating 32. 06 40. 59 40. 27 39. 05 Policy Writing 25. 20 NA 31. 65 33. 58 *darkened cells show the bottleneckExhibit 4 Lead (Service) Time Analysis using Littles Formula Requests in progress 82 Requests served per day (in steady state) 39 Lead /Service Time (Requests in progress/Requests served per day) 2. 1 Exhibit 5 Average Daily Workload Analysis Demand Analysis Requests in 120 days (1991) Demand per Day RUNs 624 5. RAPs 1524 12. 7 RAINs 451 3. 758333 RERUNs 2081 17. 34167 Total 4680 39 Mean Processing Time RUNS RAPS RAINS RERUNS Workers/Teams (5. 0) (12. 70) (3. 75) (17. 34) Total Time hrs per day Distribution 356. 20 635. 00 163. 13 485. 52 1,639. 85 6. 83 Underwriting 226. 72 482. 60 84. 75 324. 26 1,118. 33 6. 21 Rating 392. 60 821. 69 24 5. 63 1,309. 17 2,769. 09 5. 77 Policy Writing 369. 20 N. A. 202. 50 868. 73 1,440. 43 4. 0 Exhibit 6 Uneven distribution due to territorial allocation Policies Total % diff with avg RUNs % diff with avg RERUNs % diff with avg Renewal lost /Territory 1315 208 693 1 1151 14. 24% less 274 31. 73% more 636 8. 2% less 403 2 1393 5. 93% more 179 13. 94% less 840 21. % more 227 3 1402 6. 66% more 171 17. 7% less 605 14. 54% less 296 Processing Time (using mean values) Distribution Underwriting Rating Writing Total Baselined (w. r. t. minimum) Baselined (w. r. t. RERUN) RUN 68. 5 43. 6 75. 5 71 258. 6 169. 35 150. 09 RAP 50 38 64. 7 NA 152. 7 100. 00 88. 62 RAIN 43. 5 22. 6 65. 5 54 185. 6 121. 55 107. 72 RERUN 28 18. 7 75. 5 50. 1 172. 3 112. 84 100. 00 Distribution clerksNumber 4 Capacity Runs 26. 27 (58. 63), Raps 36 (72. 28), Rains 41. 37(195. 65), Reruns 64. 28(290. 32) Underwriter teams Number 3 Capacity Runs 30. 96(12. 59), Raps 35. 52 (15. 42), Rains 59. 73(27. 32), Reruns 72. 19(21. 49) New Requests, Renewal requests Request for underwriting Policy writers Number 4 Capacity Runs 31. 69(25. 19), Raps NA, Rains 41. 67(31. 64), Reruns 44. 91(33. 58) Raters Number 4 Capacity Runs 47. 68(32. 05), Raps 55. 64(40. 58), Rains 54. 96(40. 26), Reruns 47. 68(39. 04) Policy issuing request Rating request

Animal Farm Political Speech Assignment

I once stood next to each(prenominal) of you, helped and taught you all how to farm, how to read and write. I was very affiliated back then. I came up with all the different plans that benefited the Animal Farm, such as the windmill. Until a few months later after the rebellion, Napoleon who had always distant me, got Jealous. So, he chased me out with those bewildered dogs, eat up my plans for the windmill, blamed me for everything, and corrupted Minimalism as he took total control ever the farm.Before my expulsion, you all apothegm me drawing and planning out every detail for the windmill, hoping to help out all the animals by having less work to be done. Then, I was chased out, and I wasnt appreciated for all my unvoiced work that I was devoted in. Instead, Napoleon stole my credits and even called me a thief for stealing his plans and a blabber who was allied with our enemy, Mr.. Jones. How could he enter up with such a plan and pretend to oppose it?Let us say that If I really did stole the plans, he loud of put me legally on trial, instead of using those untamed dogs to go after me, and almost taken my life. After Napoleon exiled me, I could not even get near the farm since the dogs were alert of me. As for the windmill that night, It was because of a storm. Just think of about it, how could it be possible for a pig like me to budge a huge bolder, how could have I even push and destroy it. Just think for a moment for all the details.It took you all and the assistance of Boxer to slowly lift up a stone and you expect me to move it in he dark, and destroy all of your hard work? Come on Comrades I know you all questioned the truth when you first heard the news. You all had been brainwashed by Squealer, who could persuade and confuse population to believe that black is infect white. After I was bypast, Napoleon took hold of all the power, and use it unfairly, corrupting our Minimalism. First, he changed and disobeyed the original Seven Commandments .He broke the territory that stated, All animals are equal, He told you al that working on Sunday afternoons was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half. He seemed to offer a choice, but who would want to go hungry when they do not even have enough food for themselves right now. You all had gone back to those miserable lives under Mr.. Jones. Look closely, you all will realize that the life right now is no different from the previous one, or perhaps, lonesome(prenominal) worse.Napoleon also broke the sixth formula, which stated No animal shall kill another animal. But see for yourselves, did he really follow this commandment? Although it seems as if he did follow the rules, but he did not go over a process to legally punish animals, instead he used authority and power to kill or execute other animals who oppose them or went against them. Isnt this basically the same as killing other animal? Comrades, take a look clo sely at all the things that are happening around you all, use your logic and think about the truth.Do you all really think that I am the one who Is going against our Minimalism? You all know how I value our equalities and how I value the treatment we get. It should be the power, authority, and the benefits all for himself. Does he really care for the well being of you all? He only cares how much you contribute to the farm, and how he can exploit you all. You should all trust me and come under my protection. We should all join together and rebel, to once again step back on to the road that leads to our dream society, our Animal Farm that we all longed for.

The Differences between the Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel

The differences between empire area make and Burj Al-Arab HotelThere are two storied constructions in the humanity, called Empire nominate expression and Burj Al-Arab Hotel. Empire State Building is located in New York, and it is one and only(a) of the in height(predicate)est constructions in New York, purge in the universe. Another one of the universe tallest edifices is Burj Al-Arab Hotel, it is located in Dubai. In this essay, I will compare and contrast them in history, uses and being celebrated.In the Empire State Buildings history, it is 1250 pess tall and was the tallest edifice in the universe when it was construct in 1931. At that clip, it was non alone go a landmark of New York, but at any rate became a image of accomplishing the impossible. There was a skyscraper race in the universe in 20 century. Walter Chrysler, the laminitis of the Chrysler Corporation, was building a monumental edifice, the tallness of which he was maintaining secret until the edifice s completion. John Jakob Raskob, antecedently a frailty president of General Motors, decided to fall in this race, and he wanted to crush Chrysler. Not cognizing scarce what height he had to crush, John started building on his ain edifice, the Empire State Building. The Empire State Building completed with an astonishing effort that the luxuriant edifice was constructed in merely one twelvemonth and 45 yearss and merely cost around 41 million dollars ( Jennifer Rosenberg ) .Similarly, there are besides many a(prenominal) glorifications in the history of Burj Al-Arab Hotel. For illustration, it was the tallest sea-based hotel in the universe at a tallness of 321 metres when it was completed in 1999. As the ground of edifice Burj Al-Arab Hotel is wholly opposite with the Empire State Building, that the authorities of Dubai wanted a edifice that would go an iconic or symbolic statement with the name of the state, merely as what it has been. The design of Burj Al-Arab Hotel was shake by the wind-filled passelvass of an Arab trading dhow ship, and that is why it is built on an unreal island. Unlike the Empire State Building, the building of Burj Al-Arab Hotel cost a big correspond of money and clip that it was built in 1994 and be around 650 million dollars to construct. And this money made it go the coal of the Leading Hotels of the World ( Rick archer ) .The Empire State Building is built as an great power edifice, so the primary use is supplying office infinites for companies. But because it is located on the closely comfortable parts of Manhattan Island, the rent of office infinites is expensive. Even though the rent is excessively dearly-won, the major(ip) companies of different countries, such as finance, touristry and insurance, lease an office in the Empire State Building, because of its celebrated and demoing the capacities of their companies. In add-on, the Empire State Building is k at presentn by the universe, so it becomes one of the most celebr ated tourist attractive forces in New York. For absorbing more tourers, there are different sorts of exhibitions in the museum of the Empire State Building. Of class, many sorts of bars and nines are necessary, and tourers can see all attractive forces in New York in several proceedingss ( Empire State Building ) .However, as a hotel, the uses of Burj Al-Arab Hotel are about different with the Empire State Building, it is built for touristry. But because Dubai wanted to do it go an iconic, the Burj Al-Arab Hotel was absolutely built with strong Islamic manner, excessive decor and high engineer ( Burj Al-Arab Hotel ) . Similar to the Empire State Building, this makes it go one of the most celebrated and the most expensive hotels in the universe, the every night rates start merely north of $ 1500. Both Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel have a phase on the acme of them, although the phase of Burj Al-Arab Hotel is a rooftop helipad. So if you are eater plenty to populate i n it, the hotel besides offers chopper service from the airdrome to hotel ( Justin Delaney ) .As we know, the Empire State Building is the worlds most celebrated office edifice, but I want to inquire, why does it go such celebrated? And I found out that it is celebrated by its tallness and films. And the major ground is from the clip it was built in the 1930 s to the edifice of the World Trade Center towers in the 1970 s it was the tallest edifice in the universe, even now it still ranks among the top 10 and is the tallest edifice in New York ( Why is the Empire State Building celebrated? ) . Furthermore, the film that made it celebrated isKing Kong, one of the most noteworthy films in American history. In this film, the originalKing Kongof 1933 used a theoretical account of the newly-completed Empire State Building for Kong to mount at the discharge tide ( What film made the Empire State Building celebrated? ) . This image non merely made the Empire State Building noticed by the u niverse, but besides became the most authoritative scene ofKing Kong.Similarly, Burj Al-Arab Hotel used to be worlds tallest hotel, but now it is still the worlds second tallest hotel. on the other manus, it is non simply celebrated by its tallness, its expensiveness is besides celebrated in the universe. For illustration, the monetary value of a Royal suite is 20 one thousand dollars, per dark. The monetary value can make the cost of a mid-sized saloon, doing it one of the universe s most expensive suites, even a smallest room besides needs 1500 dollars. But the expensiveness is sensible, because the installations and helping of Burj Al-Arab Hotel are the best in the universe. For case, when the clients of Burj Al-Arab Hotel go out of the airdrome, they have two lavish picks travel to hotel by Rolls Royce saloons or chopper. If you read helicopter, you will hold a opportunity to watch the Dubai from sky in 15 proceedingss. Those are the grounds why they have a batch of clients, e ven the suites are expensive ( Burj Al-Arab Hotel ) .Why did I want to compare the Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel? Because these two edifice represent the people who live in different period and different states. The Empire State Building shows America had become one of the most affluent states in 1930, and American people want to demo their power and wealth. For the Burj Al-Arab Hotel, it shows the Dubai had an outstanding economic system, and the Arabs more attention about their stateAfter comparing the Empire State Building and the Burj Al-Arab Hotel in tether different ways, I found out In history, they were built for different intents, the Empire State Building was built for a personal glorification, but the Burj Al-Arab Hotel was built because of the dream of doing a landmark for Dubai, but likewise, both of them used to be the tallest edifice in their types in uses, both constructions link to the local touristry, although the Empire State Building besides pro vides offices to companies in being celebrated, both of them are celebrated for their tallness, nevertheless, the Empire State is besides celebrated by a film,King Kong, and the Burj Al-Arab Hotel is besides celebrated for its expensiveness and helping. Overall, even though they are similar in some parts, they still represent different images of their states to the universe.Work CitedBurj Al-Arab Hotel . baike.com Feb 11 2014hypertext air protocol //www.baike.com/wiki/ % E9 % 98 % BF % E6 % 8B % 89 % E4 % BC % AF % E5 % A1 % 94 % E9 % 85 % 92 % E5 % BA % 97Empire State Building . Baike.com Feb 11 2014hypertext remove protocol //www.baike.com/wiki/ % E5 % B8 % 9D % E5 % 9B % BD % E5 % A4 % A7 % E5 % 8E % A6Jennifer Rosenberg. The Empire State Building . About.com. Feb 9 2014.hypertext transfer protocol //history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirestatebldg.htmJustin Delaney. Dubai s iconic Burj Al Arab the universe s most glamourous hotel . gadling.com. Jun 21 2011.hypertext trans fer protocol //www.gadling.com/2011/06/21/the-iconic-burj-al-arab-the-worlds-most-glamorous-hotel/Rick Archer. The Most Beautiful Hotel in the World . ssqq.com. July 2004hypertext transfer protocol //ssqq.com/archive/vinlin23.htmWhat film made the Empire State Building celebrated? wiki.answers.com Feb 11 2014hypertext transfer protocol //wiki.answers.com/Q/What_movie_made_the_Empire_State_Building_famous slide=3 & A article=What_movie_made_the_Empire_State_Building_famousWhy is the Empire State Building celebrated? wiki.answers.com Feb 11 2014hypertext transfer protocol //wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_the_Empire_State_Building_famous slide=7 & A article=Why_is_the_Empire_State_Building_famous